Chromoscopic adapter for television equipment



Sept. 15, 1942. e. s. CAMARENA 2,296,019

I CHROMQSCOPIG ADAPTER FOR TELEVISION EQUIPMENT Filed Aug. 14, 1941 5 Shees-Sheet' l INVENTOR. duo 2,2 Z ermo damarexna/ -Sept. 15, 1942. a. e. CAMARENA 2,296,019

CHROMOSCOPIC ADAPTER FOR TELEVISION EQUIPMENT H Filed Aug. 14, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTD R N EYE Sept. 15, 1942. age. CAMARENA 2,295,019

CHROMOSJOPIC ADAPTER FOR TELEVISION EQUIPMENT Filed Aug. 14, 1941 s Sheets-Sheet 3 IN VEN TOR.

Guillermo dC amarena, BY

Patented Sept. 15, 194 2 OFFIQE CHROMOSCOPIC ADAPTER FOR TELE- VISION EQUIPLIENT Guillermo Gonzalez Ca marena, Mexico City, xico Application August 14, 1941, seam. 406,876 In Mexico August 19, 1940 1 Claim.

My invention relates to the transmission and reception of colored pictures or images'by wire or Wireless, and has among its objects and advantages the provision of an improved chromoscopic adapter for television equipment and operated'with cathode rays. Television apparatus for colored picture work is of an exceedingly complicated nature and is'not adaptable to standard television equipment now in use. The present invention may be easily adapted to any transmitter or receiver of black and white television equipment.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figures land 2 illustrate light filter, units for association with a television 'cameraand a television receiver, respectively;

Figures 3 and 4 are diagrammatic plan views illustrating the manner of installation of the light filters with respect to the television camera and the television receiver, respectively;

Figure 5 is a perspective view of a complete adapter illustrating its component parts and wiring;

by reason of the size of the screen 11 which must be covered completely by the filters I4, I5

and I6.

Figure 3 illustrates the disk I connected-with the shaft n, while Figure 4 illustrates the disk I3 connected with a similar shaft I8. The respective units I9 and 20 of Figures 3 and 4 are identical with that illustrated inFigure 5, this figure illustrating the disk I in conjunction with the shaft II. Since both units I9 and 20 are identical in construction and operation, the description of one will 'apply to both.

The operation of the structure so far described may be considered in relationto a tele- Figure 6 is a sectional view illustrating the inside structure of a synchronous motor; and

Figure '7 is a diagrammatic view of the electric circuit of the amplifier.

In the embodiment selected for illustration, Figure 1 illustrates a disk I of wood or any other suitable material, which disk is provided with three openings 2, 3 and 4 whose total area is slightly less than the area of the disk I, the respective openings being separated one from the other through the medium of arms 5 which connect the central disk area 6 with the ring I constituting the outer circumferential margin of the disk. Extending across the respective openings 2, 3 and 4 are three light filters 8, 9 and I0 colored red, green and blue, respectively.

The light filters may be cemented or otherwise secured to the disk I and are of 'pure colors and may comprise glass or other suitable I8, as compared with the disk I, is necessitated vision system of the cathode ray type operating normally at thirty picture squares per second. The disk I rotates in the direction of the arrow 2| so that the red, green and blue light filters 8, 9 and I0 successively sweep downwardly before the lens, I2. If the number of turns of the disk I is three times less than the number of picture squares per second of the television system (in this case ten turns per second) the disk will displace thirty color squares per second, so that each color change will correspond to a picture change. Disk I3 rotates in the same direction, as indicated by the arrow 22. With the synchronism of both disks I and I3 established, the following phenomenon will be observed:

When the red filter 8 passes before the camera, only the red or white light of the object to be transmitted is perceptible for the lens I2. At the same time, the red filter I4 is passing before the screen I1 so that the image to be seen will be red.

When the scanning of the next picture begins, the green filters 9 and I5 will respectively pass before the lens I2 and the screen I'I. As the camera scans the new image through the green filter, it is sensitive to white and green light only, the ones forming the image red and blue will not come through the filter to the lens. At the same time, the image will be seen on the screen I1 through the green filter I5. Meanwhile the red image will persist in the eye because of the inertia in the retina, which endures for about an eighthof a second. In the next picture, the blue filters III and Itreplace the green filters and now a process similar to the two mentioned above will take place, only that the image now explored by the camera corresponds to the white and blue places of the transmitted image; on the screen the image will be blue, which color completes the trichrome.

In the next turn of the disk, the process will be repeated as previously described so that in each eighth of asecond (one turn) a synchronic trichrome will be displayed before the lens and the screen. The developing time of this process is faster than the pupillogical inertia of the retina, so that a fired image in actual colors will apparently be seen on the screen. The three filters will give the same color combinations as are obtained in ordinary tric rome. The most convenient television cameras to be used are undoubtedly the Zworykin iconoscopic camera and the Earnsworth electronic camera, for the photocell mosaic of the first and the photosensitive cathode of the second have a color sensitivity very much the same as the human eye.

In case that one of the cameras should not be sensitive enough to one of the colors, it is desirable to change the corresponding filter for a better one oi the same color, so that this filter permits the camera to obtain more light, and equal excitation in every one of the three colors.

Fluorescent screens of modern receivers may be used since the light produced therein is completely white and the inertia of the fluorescent material is disposed by the thirty (or more) picture squares per second.

synchronism and phasing of the disks Under the term synchronism of the disks," it is understood that both disks turn simultaneously and with the same number of revolutions three times less than the number of picture squares originated in the television system. Synchronism of the disks consists in moving the disk i in synchronism with the disk I3 so that the two sets of red, green and blue filters, respectively, simultaneously sweep across the lens i 2 and the screen ll. Figure 5 illustrates the manner in which synchronism and phasing are accomplished.

The motor 23 is the principal moving organ of the adapter. An induction motor or any other type of brush motor may be used, since the function of this motor is to turn the adapter with a few more revolutions than are required for synchronism. The shaft 1, which comprises the motor shaft, is extended beyond both ends of the motor shell so as to constitute a mounting for the disk I at one end and a connection for a small impulse synchronic motor 24 at its other end. The motor 23 is fixedly secured to the base 25 but the motor 24 is free from the base and is held to a metallic plate 26 by springs 21. To the metallic plate 26 is connected a control shaft 28. The shaft 28 may be manually tumed through the medium of a knob 29 and the shaft is yieldingly supported against accidental rotation by reason of a resilient finger 30 keyed to the shaft 28 and engaging a disk 3| having a grooved face 32 engageable by the finger 30, the disk being fixedly secured to the base 25.

The synchronic motor 24 is designed to operate with the same electric pulsations of relaxation that originate the picture change in the television system. These pulsations are amplified by an amplifier 33 so as to give an output of six to eight watts motor power. This motor controls the speed of the motor 23, operating within its power range as a brake or an accelerator.

A rheostat 34 is connected in series with the driving motor 23 and operates to adjust its speed to that of the synchronic motor 24. For the same purpose, the shell of the motor 24 is sprin mounted so as to give the motor the necessar flexibility in speed control so that a change 11 the speed of the motor 23 will not tug the move ment of both.

Figure 6 illustrates the specific structure 0 the synchronic motor 24. To the shaft ii i fixedly secured a cast iron rotor consisting c three equally spaced radial wings 36 to rotat relatively to the poles 31 and 33 of an electro magnet 39 fixedly secured to the non-magneti shell 40 of the motor 24 through the medium of bolts 4|. When the amplified synchronize. pulsations of the television set are applied t the electromagnet, the latterv will be magnetizel at each pulsation and attract the two neares wings 38. Consequentlythe rotor 42 revolve at small impulses following the frequency of th synchronizing current and making a complet revolution for each three pulsations. Since eacl pulsation corresponds to a picture change in th television set, the number of revolutions of th motor would be three times less than the num ber of picture changes, thus automaticall: achieving the required synchronism.

According to the previous descriptiomthe op eration procedure for a color adapter installer in a camera or in a television receiver is a followsz With the amplifier 33 turned off, the drivim motor 23 is set into operation until it reache a maximum speed. The switch 43 of the am plifier is then actuated so that the synchronou motor 24 begins to move and slow down thi driving motor 23 until the latter revolves at thi synchronous speed. Thereupon the rheostat 3 is adjusted until the greatest stability in thi functioning of both motors is obtained.

When synchronism in both motors and th disks or adapters of the-transmitter and the re ceiver has been reached, the proper phase relationship is achieved in the receiver in the follow ing manner:

By turning the knob 23, which in turn move: the shell of the motor 24, the speed of the filtel disk may be proportionately accelerated or retarded according to rotation, and the shaft 2| is fixed against accidental rotation when the proper phase relationship is found, which wil be evidenced by the same fluorescent screer when the colors of the image appear on it dul distributed.

In connection with the adapter of the transmitter, the knob 29 is moved to make adjust ments relative to the position of the disk, and ix such a manner that the passage of a filter i1 front of the lens is made to coincide perfectl: with the scanning of a picture. This is experimentally done through the aid of a receiver employed as a monitor and once this adjustment 1: obtained, it will remain fixed permanently.

- In Figure 5, the circuit wires 44 which connec with the driving motor 23 together with th wires 45 which connect with the power suppl of the amplifier 33 are connected with the usua' plug 46 to be plugged into an ordinary wall outlet. For convenience, the plug may be dispensed with and the conductors directly connected to the input of the power pack of the receiver or camera, so that the switch of the power pack may be utilized to actuate the adapter. The rheostat 34 is interposed in one of the wires 44. The dissipation of the rheostat 1: watts should be adequate for the motor rating and its total resistance in ohms should be such as to reduce the voltage applied to the motor by ess, the conductors 41 electricallyconnecting this motor with the amplifier 33 are'electrically connected with flexible brushes 48 and 49 pressing against collector rings 50 and |,respectively, installed one from the other and fixedly connected with the shaft 28 so that current is supplied to the motor 24 through the medium of the collector structure. The terminals 52 of the amplifier 33 may be connected in parallel with two plates of vertical deflection of the cathode. ray tube in connection with the television receiver, or to the plates of vertical deflection of an iconoscope inconnection with the television camera.

Since the pulsations of the relaxation that are applied to the, deflection plates of the cathode ray tubes or iconoscopes are of electrical potentials exclusively :(one hundred volts or more) the input circuit of the amplifier 33 presents a high resistance in ohms from binding post to binding post, and-thus obtains a minimum in consumption that prevents a .fall in the potential applied to the above-mentioned deflecting plates.

The amplifier 33 consists essentially of a stage of low frequency-amplification such as that of any audio amplifier and a power pack that supplies it with the necessary voltage for. its operation. The circuit of the amplifier is illustrated in Figure 7 by meansof symbols such as are employed in the illustration of radio-telephone circuits. I

.The amplifying tube 53 of this circuit is of type 6L6 and its control grid is conveniently polarized so that its amplifying function will be class A. Under these conditions the SL6 tube is capable of rendering a useful power output of 8 watts (maximum). According, to the. electrical characteristics of a 6L6 tube working- :class A1. a proper potential has been applied to its screen grid by means of the resistor-54 grid and cathode, respectively, performing a decoupling-function to ground (negative);

The voltage of 400 volts required bythe Plate 0! the tube 53 as well as the current for lighting its filament are supplied by the power pack.

, This power pack consists of a power transformer 58 with four windings: "a primary that is'connected to the supply line through a switch 59; a

secondary of 6.3 volts-3 amperes, for heating the SL6; another. secondary of 5 'volts--5 amperes. for heating a twin-plate rectifying tube 50; and a high-voltage secondary winding (800 volts-100 ma.) with center tap connection to ground.- The two high-voltage terminals are connected to each plate of the rectifier which is of the 523 type. This tube 60 rectifies a cur rent of 400 voltsma., in the usual manner, which is then filtered when passing through a 30 henry choke GI and two condensers 52 and 64 of 8 mid., each. The voltage impulses coming from the cathode ray tube or from the iconoscope and which are applied to the input binding posts 52 are capacitively conducted'by the bypass condensers 64 and 65 of .1 mid, each to the 1,000,000 ohms resistance of thepotentiometer 66. The movable arm of this potentiometer will be adjusted at the point where it will apply to the grid of the SL6, to which it is connected, a proper pulsation-voltage in order that this tube will work at its maximum undistorted power output.

The prdper polarization for the control grid is obtained by means of the resistor 55 connected to the cathode ohms 10 watts).

Finally, in series with the plate circuit of the tube 53 is connected the primary ot-5000 ohms impedance of an audio-frequency transformer whose secondary is connected to the output binding posts 68 which in turn are to be connected to the synchronous motor. It is important to notev that'both' the synchronous motor and the secondary of the transformer 61 have similar impedances in order to prevent undue he'atings" and thus obtain the maximum output. All parts of the amplifier are mounted on a small metal chassis so that it can be installed in any place,

also for convenience, in any spare space within the same cabinet of the set where the chromoscopic adapter is. to be installed. The wayof mountingthe adapter diiTers. in each case depending upon the apparatus that is being handled.

Iclaim:

A chromoscopic adapter for television apparatus comprising light; filters, adrive shaft, a support for said light filters fixedly connected with said support, said light filters being of different colors, and rotating in a common path fixed to the shell of the synchronous motor, a i

controlling shaft rotatably mounted on said base and having resilient connections with the shell of the synchronous motor, the shell of the synchronous motor being free floating relatively to said base, and means for yieldingly latching said con- 

